IPU, Alm.del - 2024-25 - Bilag 17: 150th IPU Assembly

Dansk Interparlamentarisk Gruppes bestyrelse 2024-25
IPU Alm.del Bilag 17
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150th IPU Assembly

Tashkent, Uzbekistan (5–9 April 2025)

The role of parliaments in advancing

a two-State solution in Palestine

Resolution adopted by consensus

by the 150th IPU Assembly

(Tashkent, 9 April 2025)

The 150th Assembly of the Inter-Parliamentary Union,

Recalling

the relevant resolutions of the United Nations Security Council on the Middle East

conflict, including resolutions

242

(1967),

338

(1973),

1397

(2002),

1515

(2003) and

2334

(2016), which

established the principles for the resolution of this conflict, in particular the inadmissibility of acquisition of

territory by force, as well as those of the United Nations General Assembly, including resolutions

181 (II)

(1947),

194 (III)

(1948),

58/292

(2004),

67/19

(2012),

73/18

(2018), and the most recent resolution

79/81

(2024) on

Peaceful settlement of the question of Palestine,

which expressed unwavering support, in

accordance with international law, for a two-State solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict based on the

1967 borders, with both States living side by side in peace and security,

Recalling also

the IPU’s numerous resolutions and statements since 1988 on the

Israeli-Palestinian conflict, which have consistently emphasized the need for a peaceful resolution based

on international law and mutual recognition, reaffirmed the right of the Palestinian people to

self-determination, opposed illegal settlements, condemned all acts of terrorism and violent attacks, and

called for urgent humanitarian action, while supporting international efforts to achieve a two-State

solution,

Acknowledging

the long-standing Israeli-Palestinian conflict, its devastating human toll,

including population displacement, loss of life and regional instability, and its significant intensification

since 7 October 2023, which has resulted in a substantial number of deaths, the taking of hostages and

escalating violence, leading to a worsening humanitarian crisis in Gaza, exacerbated by dire living

conditions and restricted access to essential resources,

Firmly believing

that the Israeli-Palestinian conflict extends beyond being a regional issue,

and that its repercussions are being felt globally, including through the export of tensions to other parts of

the world, fuelling divisions within communities, influencing international relations, weakening

international law, including international humanitarian law, and impacting global peace and security, while

complicating efforts towards multilateral cooperation,

Expressing deep concern

over the ongoing occupation of Palestinian territories and the

expansion of Israeli settlements in violation of international law and the prohibition of territorial acquisition

by force, in contradiction to the principles of self-determination and territorial integrity enshrined in the

Charter of the United Nations,

Reaffirming

the right of the Palestinian people to self-determination and statehood based on

the 1967 borders within the framework of a two-State solution, as well as the critical role of the

International Court of Justice (ICJ) in upholding international legal norms and providing advisory opinions

on the legal implications of occupation and settlement activities,

Deeply concerned

by the grave violations of the fundamental rights, dignity and safety of

civilians – with children, women and girls, and people with disabilities bearing a particular burden as the

most vulnerable members of affected communities – as the ongoing conflict continues to cause

population displacement, destroy livelihoods, restrict humanitarian access and exacerbate inequalities,

leaving lasting physical, psychological and socioeconomic impacts on individuals, families and entire

communities,

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Recognizing

that acts of violence, terrorism against civilians and the use of starvation

as a method of warfare constitute serious breaches of international humanitarian law and that State

actions must fully comply with human rights obligations and the rule of law,

Deeply convinced

that a two-State solution is the only viable path to break the cycle of

violence and ensure security, prosperity and equal rights for the peoples of Israel and Palestine, in

line with international law and the principles of self-determination and territorial integrity, and that

key steps towards this goal include: an immediate ceasefire in Gaza, leading in particular to the

release of hostages and political prisoners; the universal recognition of Palestinian and Israeli

statehood; and the cessation of illegal settlement activities, as peace cannot be achieved through

force or occupation,

Highlighting

the unique role of parliaments, including regional parliamentary bodies, in

advancing dialogue, diplomacy and peacebuilding to support a two-State solution, while making

use of their core functions to uphold international law, ensure government accountability, facilitate

inclusive debate and consensus-building, promote human rights, protect vulnerable groups,

allocate funds for humanitarian aid and reconstruction, and foster international cooperation and

parliamentary diplomacy to encourage the peaceful resolution of the conflict,

Calls on

parliaments to urge their governments to advocate for an immediate ceasefire

in Gaza, leading in particular to the lifting of the blockade to enable the free movement

of people and goods, facilitated access to humanitarian aid and the release of

hostages and political prisoners, in view of ending the war, which has left only death

and destruction in its wake;

Calls on

the Parliaments of Israel and Palestine to promote human dignity and

safeguard fundamental rights by taking all actions necessary to protect civilians,

particularly children, women, people with disabilities and the elderly, ensuring

unimpeded humanitarian access and supporting the safe delivery of essential supplies;

and in this regard:

Reaffirms

its support for the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for

Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) as a vital provider of humanitarian

aid, education and healthcare services to Palestinians;

Urges

the Parliament of Israel to: review its decision to ban UNRWA’s

operations in the Occupied Palestinian Territory (OPT); and to support the

implementation of education for peace initiatives;

Requests

that parliaments provide financial support to UNRWA and other

humanitarian organizations working in Gaza and the OPT more broadly to

alleviate suffering and support recovery efforts;

Strongly encourages

parliaments to enhance oversight of their governments’ foreign

policy actions to ensure compliance with international law, including the

implementation of transparent arms export control measures, the monitoring of

transfers of arms and military equipment to countries in conflict, and the protection of

human rights;

Advises

parliaments to monitor and promote respect for the ICJ’s advisory opinions on

the legal implications of occupation and settlement activities;

Urges

parliaments to use their legislative powers to enact or amend laws in order to

reinforce support for a two-State solution, ensuring the recognition of both Israel and

Palestine as independent sovereign States;

Appeals

to parliaments to advocate for their governments to support the recognition of

Palestinian statehood, including the accession of Palestine as a full Member of the

United Nations, as a key step towards a two-State solution, and to back the

implementation of a comprehensive peace process, led by the United Nations, aimed

at achieving a just, lasting and comprehensive peace;

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Expresses its hope for

strengthened parliamentary diplomacy aimed at facilitating

dialogue between Israeli and Palestinian representatives, supporting a two-State

solution and fostering peaceful coexistence between the Israeli and Palestinian

peoples, through direct engagement with inter-parliamentary institutions and networks,

multilateral parliamentary forums and relevant United Nations agencies;

Strongly encourages

the Parliaments of Israel and Palestine to engage in indirect

parliamentary diplomacy, facilitated by neutral third parties such as the IPU, promoting

dialogue and cooperation on shared issues of concern, including security, health,

education, humanitarian access, economic development and environmental

protection;

Invites

parliaments to provide financial and technical support for electoral processes

and their follow-up in due time in Palestine to allow for the holding of regular, free, fair

and transparent elections, and to promote democracy, good governance, peace and

security;

Urges

parliaments to participate in, and the IPU to facilitate and coordinate, monitoring

of the political situation and electoral processes in both Israel and Palestine, including

through the deployment of election observation missions;

Calls on

parliaments and regional parliamentary bodies to provide, and on the IPU to

facilitate and coordinate, technical assistance, including legislative capacity-building

support, to the Parliaments of Israel and Palestine, with the aim of strengthening their

core parliamentary functions in support of peace, democracy and a two-State solution,

including the promotion of State-building and the rule of law, legislative reform,

oversight of government actions, citizens’ engagement, and effective participation in

international peacebuilding processes;

Invites

regional parliamentary bodies to leverage their unique position to share good

practices encouraging cross-border cooperation and joint actions on economic

development, to discuss shared challenges such as water management and

environmental protection, and to support parliamentary diplomacy and foster peace in

the Middle East region;

Encourages

the Parliaments of Israel and Palestine to adopt and implement gender-

responsive legislation and policies that protect the rights and dignity of women and

girls, prevent gender-based violence, and promote the role of women as

peacebuilders;

Urges

parliaments to promote, in the Middle East region, the creation of initiatives that

support peace education, youth empowerment, non-violence programmes aimed at

fostering a culture of peace and coexistence, mutual understanding including through

interfaith and intercultural dialogue, and the prevention of violent extremism, while

prioritizing the principles of the United Nations Women, Peace and Security, and

Youth, Peace and Security agendas;

Also urges

parliaments to promote a common security approach in the pursuit of a

two-State solution, recognizing that the security of both the Israeli and Palestinian

peoples is interdependent, and to take measures that build mutual trust, ensure the

protection of civilians, and prevent actions that exacerbate tensions;

Calls on

the Parliaments of Israel and Palestine to adopt a human security approach

in their day-to-day work, prioritizing the protection and well-being of individuals and

communities on both sides and addressing the root causes of insecurity, including

poverty, population displacement and inequality, in support of peace, stability, dignity

and the realization of a sustainable two-State solution;

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

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17.

Recommends

that the IPU transform its Committee on Middle East Questions into a

Strategic Task Force on the Middle East, composed of equal numbers of

representatives from all IPU geopolitical groups, with a mandate to support dialogue

and facilitate indirect parliamentary diplomacy between the Parliaments of Israel and

Palestine, and to monitor and report on commitments related to humanitarian access,

the protection of vulnerable groups, and peace education, as well as on steps taken

towards the achievement of a two-State solution, taking into account the global impact

of the conflict.

Iran (Islamic Republic of)

expressed its opposition to the entire text of the resolution.

Germany, Hungary

and

Switzerland

expressed a reservation on the entire text of the resolution.

Austria

expressed reservations on the use of the terms “use of starvation as a method of warfare” in

preambular paragraph 8 and “political prisoners” in preambular paragraph 9 and operative paragraph 1.