Sundheds- og Ældreudvalget 2017-18
SUU Alm.del Bilag 294
Offentligt
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Thursday, 12
th
April 2018
Comittees Hearing on Radiation
Folketinget, Christiansborg
Denmark
Exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields
and health outcomes
in the ELFE French birth cohort
Ghislaine BOUVIER
EPICENE Team, Inserm U1219
University of Bordeaux, France
 SUU, Alm.del - 2017-18 - Bilag 294: Præsentationer fra Sundheds- og Ældreudvalgets høring om stråling fra mobiltelefoni, trådløse netværk og anden ikke-ioniserende stråling den 12. april 2018
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Introduction
Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF EMF)
•
Knowledge on RF EMF exposure of children remains scarce
•
The use of devices generating RF EMF is constantly growing
⇒
as well as the number and the diversity of sources:
- broadcast transmitters, base stations, …
- mobile and DECT (cordless) phones, smartphones, ….
- Wifi, blue tooth, WiMax,…
=> Increased levels of exposure in the population
2
 SUU, Alm.del - 2017-18 - Bilag 294: Præsentationer fra Sundheds- og Ældreudvalgets høring om stråling fra mobiltelefoni, trådløse netværk og anden ikke-ioniserende stråling den 12. april 2018
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Introduction
Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF EMF)
Health concern:
•
Biological mechanisms not known
(thermal, melatonin, hormones, …)
•
2011 : classification by IARC* as possibly carcinogenic to humans
•
RF EMF from mobile phones:
- adult brain tumours: no clear evidence for an increased risk except in long term use or
« heavy » users,
- Child /adolescent brain tumours: no clear evidence but lack of studies
•
RF EMF from base stations, broadcast transmitters, other sources:
Lack of convincing data
Still many questions about their possible impact on human health
→
Consequences of exposure during fetal life / childhood:
Pregnancy issues, child neurodevelopment, behavioral problems, ADHD, … ?
*International Agency for Research on Cancer
3
 SUU, Alm.del - 2017-18 - Bilag 294: Præsentationer fra Sundheds- og Ældreudvalgets høring om stråling fra mobiltelefoni, trådløse netværk og anden ikke-ioniserende stråling den 12. april 2018
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Introduction
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 SUU, Alm.del - 2017-18 - Bilag 294: Præsentationer fra Sundheds- og Ældreudvalgets høring om stråling fra mobiltelefoni, trådløse netværk og anden ikke-ioniserende stråling den 12. april 2018
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Introduction
RESULTS: Residential presence of RF-EMF indoor sources was associated with an improved speed
of information processing. Higher residential RF-EMF exposure from mobile phone base stations
and presence of indoor sources was associated with an improved inhibitory control and cognitive
flexibility whereas we observed a reduced inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility with higher
personal cordless phone use. Higher residential RF-EMF exposure from mobile phone base
stations was associated with a reduced visuomotor coordination whereas we observed an
improved visuomotor coordination with residential presence of RF-EMF indoor sources and higher
personal cell phone use.
CONCLUSIONS: We found inconsistent associations between different sources of RF-EMF exposure
and cognitive function in children aged 5-6 years.
5
 SUU, Alm.del - 2017-18 - Bilag 294: Præsentationer fra Sundheds- og Ældreudvalgets høring om stråling fra mobiltelefoni, trådløse netværk og anden ikke-ioniserende stråling den 12. april 2018
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The ExpoCEM study -
Objective
To assess exposure to RF (& ELF) EMF in the French
ELFE
birth cohort, from prenatal period to adulthood
and to study potential impact on different health outcomes
By the means of :
1.
Questionnaires at birth, 2 months and regularly during childhood, gathering
information on sources of exposure related to the child’s age and
modifications due to residential mobility
2.
3.
Geographic location of potential sources of EMF for the entire cohort
Direct measurements performed in a subsample of the cohort children to
look for the main determinants of the exposure at different ages
6
 SUU, Alm.del - 2017-18 - Bilag 294: Præsentationer fra Sundheds- og Ældreudvalgets høring om stråling fra mobiltelefoni, trådløse netværk og anden ikke-ioniserende stråling den 12. april 2018
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What is the ELFE birth cohort study?
•
ELFE = « Etude Longitudinale Française depuis l’Enfance »
•
First large-scale longitudinal cohort study from birth to
adulthood in France
•
Children born in 2011 in metropolitan France enrolled at
birth
•
Objective:
to assess the impact of family characteristics, lifestyle,
living conditions, socio-cultural and demographic factors,
diet, and environment
on the physical and psychological development, health,
schooling and socialization of children
7
 SUU, Alm.del - 2017-18 - Bilag 294: Præsentationer fra Sundheds- og Ældreudvalgets høring om stråling fra mobiltelefoni, trådløse netværk og anden ikke-ioniserende stråling den 12. april 2018
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Thematic working groups
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 SUU, Alm.del - 2017-18 - Bilag 294: Præsentationer fra Sundheds- og Ældreudvalgets høring om stråling fra mobiltelefoni, trådløse netværk og anden ikke-ioniserende stråling den 12. april 2018
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 SUU, Alm.del - 2017-18 - Bilag 294: Præsentationer fra Sundheds- og Ældreudvalgets høring om stråling fra mobiltelefoni, trådløse netværk og anden ikke-ioniserende stråling den 12. april 2018
1882667_0010.png
The ExpoCEM study -
Objective
To assess exposure to RF (& ELF) EMF in the French
ELFE
birth cohort, from prenatal period to adulthood
and to study potential impact on different health outcomes
By the means of :
1.
Questionnaires at birth, 2 months and regularly during childhood, gathering
information on sources of exposure related to the child’s age and
modifications due to residential mobility
2.
3.
Geographic location of potential sources of EMF for the entire cohort
Direct measurements performed in a subsample of the cohort children to
look for the main determinants of the exposure at different ages
10
 SUU, Alm.del - 2017-18 - Bilag 294: Præsentationer fra Sundheds- og Ældreudvalgets høring om stråling fra mobiltelefoni, trådløse netværk og anden ikke-ioniserende stråling den 12. april 2018
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EMF - Indirect exposure assessment
•
Interviews at birth, at two months, 1, 2, and 3 years and
then regularly until 20 years:
- Parental occupational exposure during conception and
pregnancy assessed by experts and job exposure matrices using
detailed job, tasks and activity sector
- Communication and electric devices at home and use by the
parents / the child
•
Medical imaging (MRI, …)
•
Home characteristics and environment (urban/rural
area, height (floor), environmental emission sources,…)
•
Residential proximity to broadcast transmitters, base
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 SUU, Alm.del - 2017-18 - Bilag 294: Præsentationer fra Sundheds- og Ældreudvalgets høring om stråling fra mobiltelefoni, trådløse netværk og anden ikke-ioniserende stråling den 12. april 2018
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EMF - Direct exposure measurements
•
N = 200 children of the ELFE cohort
in places representing different geographical situations
•
•
Exposimeters
50Hz: EMDEX II, Enertech,
RF: EME SPY 200, Satimo (88-5,850 MHz)
•
EMF exposure of children during 24 hours
•
Time-activity diaries and a detailed interview
will be performed at home by a trained interviewer
•
The interviewer will also record short-term measurements
at different locations in each room of the house
•
Period 2018 - 2019
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 SUU, Alm.del - 2017-18 - Bilag 294: Præsentationer fra Sundheds- og Ældreudvalgets høring om stråling fra mobiltelefoni, trådløse netværk og anden ikke-ioniserende stråling den 12. april 2018
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First Analysis in the Elfe Birth Cohort Study :
Prematurity, Small for Gestational Age
and
Maternal occupational exposure to RF EMF
during pregnancy
 SUU, Alm.del - 2017-18 - Bilag 294: Præsentationer fra Sundheds- og Ældreudvalgets høring om stråling fra mobiltelefoni, trådløse netværk og anden ikke-ioniserende stråling den 12. april 2018
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Introduction
Prematurity
:
•
Birth before 37 completed weeks of gestation
•
In Europe, 5 to 10% of live births are preterm
(Euro_peristat 2010)
•
Increasing preterm births in many countries
Small for gestational age
:
•
Birth weight for gestational age < 10th percentile of reference curves
•
In Europe, 3 to 10% of live births have a weight <2500 grams (Euro_peristat
2010)
Consequences :
•
Poorer perinatal outcomes, cognitive and motor impairments
•
Elevated risks of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity… in adult life
(Barker 2006; Cosmi
et al.
2011; Cunningham
et al.
2003; De Boo
et al.
2006; Yanney et Marlow 2004)
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 SUU, Alm.del - 2017-18 - Bilag 294: Præsentationer fra Sundheds- og Ældreudvalgets høring om stråling fra mobiltelefoni, trådløse netværk og anden ikke-ioniserende stråling den 12. april 2018
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Methods
Pregnancy outcomes
•
Moderate prematurity : birth between 33 and 37 weeks of gestation
•
Small for gestational age : weight<10
th
p. / individualized French reference curves
•
AUDIPOG algorithm
(http://www,audipog,net/croissance-neonat,php)
•
Gestational age ; child’s sex and rank of birth ; mother’s age, height and weight
Mothers’ occupational situation
•
Job status, occupation
and length of time they have worked during pregnancy
•
Coding jobs with French and International Classifications of Occupations and
Activities
•
Use of a Job Exposure Matrix to assess occupational exposure:
=> Ongoing collaboration with the GERoNiMO consortium to
develop and complete a RF-JEM and apply it to our data
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 SUU, Alm.del - 2017-18 - Bilag 294: Præsentationer fra Sundheds- og Ældreudvalgets høring om stråling fra mobiltelefoni, trådløse netværk og anden ikke-ioniserende stråling den 12. april 2018
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Development of a Job-Exposure Matrix for occupational exposure assessment of high
frequency electromagnetic fields (3 kHz-300 GHz)
Lucile Migault, Isabelle Baldi, Ghislaine Bouvier: Inserm, Bordeaux University
Hans Kromhout: Utrecht University
Jordi Figuerola, Michelle C Turner, Elisabeth Cardis, Javier Vila: ISGlobal, Barcelona
And the GERoNiMO Project (Generalized EMF Research using Novel Methods)
“In conclusion, we have constructed the first available JEM, describing occupational exposure to high-
frequency EMF, for which we gathered a large number of measurements available for jobs held by subjects in
the multinational INTEROCC study. The jobs are classified into an international classification which facilitates
its application in population-based epidemiological studies. […] The RF-JEM will be maintained and made
publicly available at the ISGlobal website for use by other researchers in epidemiological studies and
occupational health management programs.”
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 SUU, Alm.del - 2017-18 - Bilag 294: Præsentationer fra Sundheds- og Ældreudvalgets høring om stråling fra mobiltelefoni, trådløse netværk og anden ikke-ioniserende stråling den 12. april 2018
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Discussion - Perspective
•
Consequences of maternal exposure on very or extreme preterm birth ?
=> Data from a French birth cohort of premature babies only
(born in 2011): EPIPAGE2
•
Increases the power of the study
•
Allows to study the link with all stages of prematurity
•
Further analyses:
•
to study the link with child’s neurodevelopement (SDQ,
questionnaires, K-classic test, …)
•
To study the link between environmental exposure due to
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mobile phone, cordless phone, Wi-Fi … devices at home
 SUU, Alm.del - 2017-18 - Bilag 294: Præsentationer fra Sundheds- og Ældreudvalgets høring om stråling fra mobiltelefoni, trådløse netværk og anden ikke-ioniserende stråling den 12. april 2018
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Thank you
for your
attention