RESOLUTION387...........................................................................................................................1CYBERSECURITYRESOLUTION388...........................................................................................................................3SUPPORTING THE LIBYAN PEOPLERESOLUTION389...........................................................................................................................5CONFRONTING A DIFFICULT FISCAL ENVIRONMENT: ECONOMIC CRISIS, FISCALCONSOLIDATION AND THE RISK OF EUROPE’S STRATEGIC IRRELEVANCERESOLUTION390...........................................................................................................................7THE POLITICAL TRANSFORMATION IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICARESOLUTION391...........................................................................................................................9COUNTERING BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL THREATSDECLARATION392.......................................................................................................................12SUPPORTING TRANSITION IN AFGHANISTAN

CYBER SECURITYThe Assembly,

Recognising

the benefits offered by the cyber domain to our societies as well as to the1.defence and security sector, including opportunities for greater situational awareness andco-ordination among the armed forces of the Allies as well as for the Alliance's public diplomacy;2.But also

concerned

with the emergence of a new category of threats that target nationalinformation infrastructures, and that could seriously undermine the security interests of the Allianceand its member states;

Anxious

that cyber defence capabilities and awareness of cyber threats vary significantly3.across NATO member states thereby weakening the Alliance's overall cyber security;

Welcoming

the decisions made by the leaders of the Alliance at the NATO Lisbon Summit and4.the meeting of NATO Defence Ministers in June 2011, identifying cyber security as one of the keypriorities of the Alliance;

Welcoming

the recent start of the procurement process to pursue full operational capability for5.the new NATO Policy on Cyber Defence, which will result in significantly higher levels of protection ofthe Alliance's networks;

Saluting

NATO's approach aimed at expanding its cyber defence policy to include centralised6.cyber protection of all NATO bodies and the use of NATO's defence planning processes in thedevelopment of the Allies' cyber defence capabilities;

Believing

that, in view of the growing scope and severity of cyber attacks, in addition to7.exploiting fully the opportunities offered by Article 4, the potential application of Article 5 of theWashington Treaty in case of a serious cyber attack against the Alliance or its individual members,should not be ruled out;

Noting

that legislative "black holes" still exist both at a national level and in terms of8.international law when it comes to setting security standards for the cyber domain;

Emphasising

that stricter security regulations for the cyber domain should not come at the cost9.of reduced civil liberties and rights, such as freedom of speech and the right to communicate over theInternet, and

noting

the key role of the Internet in mobilising democratic movements in authoritariancountries;10.a.URGESmember governments and parliaments of the North Atlantic Alliance:to ensure swift implementation of the revised NATO Policy on Cyber Defence and the relatedcyber defence Action Plan, adopted in June 2011, introducing the cyber dimension in all threeof NATO's core tasks: collective defence, crisis management and co-operative security;

to promote domestic awareness of cyber threats, taking into account lessons learned frommilestone events including the cyber attacks against Estonia in 2007 and against Georgia in2008 as well as the emergence of Stuxnet malicious software;to scrutinize domestic legal frameworks, ensuring that coherent and effective laws are in placeto address the evolving cyber threats;to provide necessary support for the efficient functioning of national Computer IncidentResponse Teams, and to invest sufficiently in the training of national cyber security experts;to promote closer partnerships between governments, the private sector and civil societyorganisations in order to ensure the security of government networks and improve theexchange of expertise in case of a breach of security;to ensure that the introduction of additional security measures in the cyber domain areaccompanied by adequate mechanisms of parliamentary and public oversight over theirrespective government institutions;to support international efforts to develop universal norms of acceptable behaviour in the cyberdomain against the use of cyber attacks on civilian targets, and that would promote exchange ofbest practices and establish mechanisms of international assistance to stricken nations, whileensuring full universal access to the Internet as a venue for the exchange of ideas andinformation;to ensure that adequate attention is paid to the physical protection of networks, includingundersea fibre-optic infrastructures;URGESrelevant NATO bodies:to ensure that NATO Computer Incident Response Capability is fully operational by the end of2012, and that NATO's cyber defence services are centralised;to facilitate, if requested, national efforts of NATO member states to acquire adequate cyberdefence expertise and state-of-the-art technologies;to test the efficacy of NATO and member states' cyber defence efforts through NATO's periodicinternational exercises, and to ensure that these exercises are fully funded, staffed andwell-attended;to use capabilities such as NATO Cyber Defence Management Board and NATO Co-operativeCyber Defence Centre of Excellence, to analyse rapid developments further in the cyberdomain and to develop strategies for strengthening cyber defences across the Alliance, whileexploiting the advantages of the information age through initiatives such as NATO NetworkEnabled Capability;to develop further the existing co-operation mechanisms with the relevant EU institutions, withthe particular aim of supporting the EU's legislative efforts to establish robust cyber securitystandards across the private sector;to increase assistance, if requested, to NATO partner countries in the field of cyber security,particularly by sharing best practices and raising awareness of cyber threats.

Lamenting

the loss of innocent lives and specifically

condemning

the violent acts against4.women and children during the struggle to end Muammar Qaddafi's rule;

Condemning

the unlawful killings and violations of human rights committed by both Qaddafi5.supporters and groups opposed to his regime, as documented by human rights organisations;

Recognising

that the Qaddafi regime deliberately undermined Libya's civil society and that this,6.as well as the recent civil war, will complicate the task of building new governing institutions in thatcountry;

Commending

NATO and partner state militaries for the skilled execution of Operation Unified7.Protector, which saved the lives of thousands of Libyan civilians;

Underlining

the political context in which NATO acted, including a mandate from the United8.Nations Security Council invoking the principle of Responsibility to Protect, clear regional support,and demonstrable need for the Alliance's unique capabilities;

Praising

the speed of the international response and the unprecedented co-operation with Arab9.states such as Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Morocco and Jordan, and with regionalorganisations such as the Arab League, before and during operations in Libya;10.

Applauding

the initiative taken by France and the United Kingdom to lead this importantoperation and

recognising

the vital support provided by the United States and other Allies andPartners;11.

Welcoming

the outcome of the high-level meeting on political development and reconstructionin Libya, held in New York on 20 September 2011 under the auspices of the United Nations;12.

Asserting

that the Alliance is most effective operationally when all member states participate tothe fullest extent of their capabilities and

stressing

the need to consistently promote maximumpolitical solidarity among member countries during military operations led by the Alliance;13.

Noting

that Operation Unified Protector exposed compelling capability gaps among NATOmember states, and

concerned

that dramatic reductions in national defence budgets and the failureto properly prioritise or find new efficiencies in collective defence spending could erode the Alliance'scapacity to manage future crises effectively;

15.CONGRATULATESthe Libyan people and the National Transition Council on their hard-wongains;16.a.URGESall parties in Libya, starting with the National Transition Council:to establish an inclusive and representative transitional governing structure, building on thesuccess of the National Transition Council that will contribute to the process of nationalreconciliation and improved security in the country;to work towards a Libya that meets the aspirations of its people, based on democracy, the ruleof law, respect for human rights, and civilian control of the military;to ensure the protection of vulnerable innocents, particularly women and children, during thetransition period;to bring to justice everyone who has committed criminal acts but to refrain from arbitraryscore-settling and revenge killing;to facilitate broader engagement of women in policy-making and institution-building;to ensure that Libya's treaty responsibilities are fulfilled, that its weapons stockpiles aresecured, and that violent extremism is rejected;

17.PLEDGESits own support where requested and appropriate to the democratic institutions offree Libya as they take these challenging steps forward;18.URGESmember governments and parliaments of the North Atlantic Alliance:a.to ensure that the financial resources and expertise necessary for a rapid and successfulstabilisation and reconstruction are available to the Libyan people, as well as for theresettlement of vulnerable refugees;to study the hard-earned lessons the Libyan conflict has imparted and from these, to undertakethose changes that will ensure that NATO is backed by the capabilities and political willnecessary to continue to effectively carry out its crisis management responsibilities;to promote the future co-operation between NATO and Libya by inviting Libya to join theMediterranean Dialogue Co-operation Programme.

CONFRONTING A DIFFICULT FISCAL ENVIRONMENT: ECONOMICCRISIS, FISCAL CONSOLIDATION AND THE RISK OF EUROPE’SSTRATEGIC IRRELEVANCEThe Assembly,

Recognising

that the extraordinarily difficult fiscal conditions European and North American1.leaders currently confront pose an array of institutional, economic, social and political challenges;

Acknowledging

that this fiscal crisis has potentially profound security implications for NATO2.countries insofar as it undermines their capacity to underwrite the costs of national defence at levelscommensurate with traditional measures of security;

Concerned

that the international monetary system has grown unstable and that structural3.budget deficits and rising sovereign debt levels are undermining market confidence and weakeningtrade;

Worried

that slow growth and budgetary constraints undermine global trade and have also4.triggered unacceptably high levels of unemployment, especially among young people, and that thisposes a threat to social cohesion, political stability and wellbeing;

Recognising

the political difficulties associated with supporting international development5.assistance but

convinced

that support for development represents a cost effective security andeconomic investment;

Concerned

that the global economic crisis could adversely affect allied defence budgets at a6.time when formidable security challenges persist;

Worried

as well that some NATO members are shouldering more of the relative defence7.burden than are others;

Recognising

that this burden-sharing dilemma could undermine the solidarity which has long8.held together this Alliance;9.a.URGESmember governments and parliaments of the North Atlantic Alliance:to foster greater stability in the international monetary system by introducing and implementingmuch needed reforms in US and EU member fiscal and social-economic systems and in theinternational monetary system which remains dangerously unstable;to ensure that the public understands that even in difficult economic times, investing in security,diplomacy and international development assistance is both worthwhile and in the nationalinterest;to abstain from making spending cuts at a level that would damage national and internationalsecurity in this period of fiscal consolidation;

to undertake greater bilateral and multilateral co-operation on defence research anddevelopment, and procurement as well as in force specialisation and integration to generatenew efficiencies to counteract the impact of tight fiscal conditions;to ensure that defence spending is underwriting critical capabilities rather than serving someother purpose like subsidising a particular firm or keeping local employment levels up which areworthy goals best pursued by other means;to conceive of NATO as a potentially powerful agency of efficiency-generating defence andsecurity co-operation among its members and to encourage the Secretary General of NATO toform three task forces:i.ii.to identify areas in which NATO countries might better co-operate to ensure more efficientuse of scarce defence funding;to improve consultation on defence budgeting processes among allied countries andthereby help ensure that defence cuts in any one allied country do not impose undueburdens on any of its allies; andto deepen procurement co-operation;

THE POLITICAL TRANSFORMATIONIN THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICAThe Assembly,

Supporting

the democratic aspirations and universal rights of all people in the Middle East1.and North Africa (MENA) region and worldwide;

Inspired

by the determination and brave actions of peaceful political protestors across the2.region beginning in December 2010;

Appalled

by the violence and brutality deployed by regimes against peaceful protesters, most3.notably in Libya and Syria, and

deploring

the tragic loss of innocent lives in the struggle for freedom;

Acknowledging

the important role played by women in these revolutions and in promoting4.positive steps in the field of gender equality but

strongly condemning

violence against women;

Noting

the diversity of the countries in the region and

recognising

that they will take different5.paths forward;

Underlining

that political changes brought about by these revolutions must be designed and6.carried out by the people themselves;

Welcoming

that Tunisia and Egypt have embarked on a path to democratic governance and7.will hold elections in 2011 and

stressing

the important role of democratically elected parliaments forthe transparency and accountability of government action;

Acknowledging

the commencement of the post-Qaddafi era and

welcoming

the stated8.commitment of the new Libyan transitional authorities towards democracy, the rule of law and respectof fundamental human rights;

Stressing

that the countries of the MENA region and the Alliance share a host of security9.challenges and

fully supporting

NATO's engagement with the countries of the region;

Commending

NATO and Partner countries for the success of Operation Unified Protector10.undertaken in conformity with UN Security Council Resolution 1973;

Supporting

the commitment of the Alliance to the promotion of peace and stability in the11.region and

emphasising

the crucial contribution of NATO partnership programmes, in particular theMediterranean Dialogue and the Istanbul Co-operation Initiative, which can provide important tools inthe process of transition;

Reiterating

its commitment to dialogue and co-operation with the parliaments of the countries12.of the region;URGESthe leaders of the MENA region to desist from violence against peaceful13.demonstrations and to embrace genuine political reform;

CONDEMNSthe Syrian regime for its disproportionate use of deadly force against the Syrian14.people andDEMANDSthat it puts an immediate end to it and engages in an open, meaningfuldialogue with the opposition;15.a.URGESmember governments and parliaments of the North Atlantic Alliance:to reaffirm their commitment to assist the new democratic governments of the MENA region inproviding a secure and stable environment for citizens as they work through challengingpolitical and economic transitions;to enable NATO to increase its practical assistance to the countries of the region and toenhance its political dialogue with those countries;to consider the need to rejuvenate and redefine NATO's partnerships with countries of theMENA region;to ensure for a maximum of co-ordination among the UN, the EU, NATO and otherinternational organisations in assisting the democratic transformation of countries of theMENA region, including through security sector reforms;to help regulate the area's migration flows by ensuring close co-ordination with nationalgovernments and stimulating economic development and employment policies in the region;

PLEDGESto stand ready to provide support, when requested, to new parliamentary bodies16.during and after the transition period;17.a.b.c.d.CALLS UPONall parties in the MENA region:to ensure the protection of civilians, particularly women and children, during the transitionperiod;to engage actively in the promotion of reconciliation processes in civil societies ridden byinstability and ethnic or religious conflicts;to bring perpetrators to justice and ensure due process in compliance with international lawand human rights protection standards; andto facilitate broader engagement of women in the post-revolutionary policy-making andinstitution-building process.

COUNTERING BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL THREATSThe Assembly,

Concerned

by the potential of biological and chemical weapons to cause mass terror and1.casualties and to threaten international security and prosperity;

Emphasising

the continuing threat posed by non-state actors to engage in terrorism using2.biological or chemical agents;

Appreciating

that rapid advances in the life sciences hold great potential for humanity, but3.

conscious

that these sciences can also be used for malicious purposes;

Stressing

the Alliance's commitments, made in its new Strategic Concept, to further develop its4.capacity to defend against the threat of weapons of mass destruction (WMD), to enhance itscapability to detect and defend against international terrorism as well as to contribute actively to armscontrol, non-proliferation and disarmament;

Appreciating

the crucial contributions of the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BWC)5.and the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) to international security;

Acknowledging

the contribution of other multilateral and national organisations and initiatives6.in arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation efforts regarding biological and chemical weaponsand their means of delivery, including the 1540 Committee, the G8 Global Partnership Against theSpread of Weapons and Materials of Mass Destruction, the Proliferation Security Initiative, theAustralia Group as well as the efforts of the United Nations, NATO and the EU;

Convinced

that, in particular, the global arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation7.regime for biological weapons is in need of strengthening and

conscious

that the Seventh ReviewConference of the BWC in December 2011 provides an important opportunity to strengthen thisregime;

Mindful also

that future priorities for the CWC and its Organisation for the Prohibition of8.Chemical Weapons (OPCW) must be set now in anticipation of the time when declared stockpiles ofchemical weapons and agents will have been verifiably destroyed;

Concerned

with political instability in states in likely possession of biological or chemical9.weapons, precursor materials and their means of delivery and with the attending proliferation risksand

stressing

the need to closely monitor these materials;10.

Acknowledging

the necessity of balancing the need for strong and efficient export controls ondual-use technology with the benefits of peaceful scientific and technological exchange;11.

Alarmed

that the capacity to detect and trace biological and chemical incidents as well as crisisresponse and recovery mechanisms at the local, national and international levels remain inadequate;

to strive towards a stronger web of arms control, disarmament, non-proliferation effortsregarding biological and chemical weapons and their means of delivery, including improvingconfidence-building measures;to focus on areas of agreement at the Seventh Review Conference of the BWC, aiming inparticular to consolidate, and possibly strengthen, the Implementation Support Unit at theUnited Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs, the intersessional process between ReviewConferences and the United Nations Secretary-General's mechanism for investigating cases ofalleged use of biological weapons;to resolutely push for universal membership of the BWC and CWC;to improve counter-terrorism measures at all levels, including enhanced threat analysis,intensified consultation and co-operation with partners as well as more appropriate militarycapabilities;to ensure sufficient availability of defence military capabilities to prevent the proliferation ofchemical and biological weapons or improvised devices and their means of delivery, to protectagainst chemical and biological threats and attacks, and to recover in case of chemical andbiological contamination;to foster the implementation of NATO's comprehensive Policy for preventing the proliferation ofWMD and defending against chemical and biological threats;to properly fund research and development of detection technology and counter-measures,such as vaccines and drugs, as well as the relevant forensic sciences;to ensure sufficient availability of counter-measures, such as vaccines and drugs, and to designeffective distribution systems under crisis response and recovery mechanisms;to improve the protection of critical infrastructure against biological or chemical attacks;to improve co-operation on biological and chemical threats, incident detection, crisis responseand recovery mechanisms as well as training and exercises, between civilian and militaryactors, the public and the private realm as well as states and multilateral organisations,including enhanced NATO-EU co-operation;to increase biosafety and biosecurity measures at all levels, including through strong andefficient codes of conduct for life scientists, and to encourage and help partners to do likewise;to better educate their citizens, in particular those working with dangerous biological orchemical materials, about the risks of biological and chemical terrorism and proper responses ina crisis;to continue to support programmes designed to redirect scientists, who were formerly engagedin research and development related to biological and chemical weapons and their means ofdelivery, to peaceful activities;

SUPPORTING TRANSITION IN AFGHANISTANThe Assembly,

Reaffirming

that 10 years after the tragic terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001 in the United1.States, which were planned by al-Qaeda from Afghanistan, the security of Afghanistan remainsdirectly linked to our own security;

Stressing

that the UN-mandated NATO-led International Security Assistance Force in2.Afghanistan (ISAF) plays a critical role in combating terrorism and in preventing Afghanistan frombeing used as a safe haven for international terrorists;

Commending

the performance and dedication of ISAF and Afghan military and civilian3.personnel and

honouring

those who have lost their lives or have been injured;

Welcoming

progress in improving counter-improvised explosive device (IED) technology and4.capabilities, but

noting

that IEDs remain the greatest single cause of casualties in Afghanistan;

Recalling

that ISAF nations have agreed to seek an end to their combat operations by the5.end of 2014 and have already started the process of transition through which Afghan authorities willtake the lead for security throughout Afghanistan;

Convinced

that strong military pressure on insurgents remains essential in order to6.consolidate security gains but also

underlining

that Afghanistan's long-term stability can only beachieved through an Afghan-led political solution; and therefore,

Supporting

Afghan authorities' efforts to seek reconciliation with those insurgent groups7.which vow to respect the Afghan Constitution, including the rights of women, lay down their arms andrenounce all links to terrorist organisations; and,

Stressing

that a sustainable and irreversible transition will require the continued development8.of effective and accountable Afghan national security institutions, as well as further demonstrableprogress in the fields of governance and economic development;

Underlining

that transition plans need to take into account the fact that the planned end of9.the transition process will coincide with an important presidential election;

Emphasising

that international assistance will remain necessary beyond 2014 to guarantee10.the viability and sustainability of Afghan institutions;

Recognising

in particular the need to mitigate the negative impact on the economy of the11.progressive reduction in the international presence;

Convinced

that a stable, democratic and prosperous Afghanistan is in the interest of all of its12.neighbours; and,

Recalling

that, in the 2002 Kabul Declaration and other subsequent documents,13.Afghanistan's neighbours committed themselves to constructive and supportive bilateral relationsbased on the principles of territorial integrity, mutual respect, friendly relations, co-operation andnon-interference in each other's internal affairs;

Affirming

its support for the ongoing trilateral and multilateral initiatives aimed at contributing14.to develop co-operation between Afghanistan and its regional partners and in this vein

welcoming

the Istanbul Statement on Friendship and Co-operation in the Heart of Asia, adopted at the IstanbulSummit on 26 January 2010;

Recognising

and

appreciating

the contribution and sacrifice of the Pakistani authorities and15.the Pakistani people in combating extremism and seeking to enhance security particularly in theregions bordering Afghanistan;

Recognising

that cross-border activity by terrorists in Afghanistan and Pakistan threatens the16.security of civilians and military personnel in both countries;

Convinced

that the upcoming international conferences in Istanbul and Bonn provide a key17.opportunity for Afghanistan and its international partners to renew their mutual commitment to astable, democratic and prosperous Afghanistan, and to set the conditions for an irreversible andsustainable transition;URGESthe governments and parliaments of the North Atlantic Alliance and of non-NATO18.ISAF troop contributing nations:a.to enhance efforts to explain to their citizens the ongoing need for an international militarypresence in Afghanistan and the necessity of sustaining international assistance beyond theplanned end of the combat mission in 2014;to co-ordinate national decisions on troop withdrawals, taking into account enduringoperational needs;to fill ongoing shortfalls of trainers and mentors for the Afghan National Security Forces(ANSF) and reaffirm their readiness to assist in sustaining the ANSF beyond 2014, as part ofthe NATO-Afghanistan Enduring Partnership;to continue to support research and development and the sharing of operational knowledgeand experience regarding IEDs as a matter of priority, and to step up training of the ANSF oncounter-IED;to enhance international support for the development and functioning of sustainable structuresof governance at the central and local levels able to deliver services to the population;to continue to increase the share of international assistance delivered through Afghaninstitutions, conditional upon progress achieved by Afghan authorities in implementingnecessary reforms, particularly in anti-corruption;to increase support for and co-operation with the Afghan parliament;to seek agreement, at the upcoming Bonn Conference, on enduring economic assistance toAfghanistan, including measures to mitigate the negative impact on the economy ofprogressive reductions in the international presence, and to support the development ofsustainable sources of income for the country;to strengthen political dialogue with Afghanistan's neighbours, particularly Pakistan, as ameans to promote regional confidence building;

CALLS UPONthe government and parliament of Afghanistan:to resolve outstanding sources of tension between the executive and legislative branches;to enhance their efforts to explain the benefits of the international military presence for theAfghan public;to continue to develop strong accountability mechanisms over the ANSF;to step up implementation of the ambitious programme of reforms outlined at the 2010London and Kabul Conferences;to conduct electoral reform as a matter of priority, addressing the flaws demonstrated by theconduct of the 2009 presidential election and the 2010 parliamentary elections;to redouble efforts to combat corruption, and protect anti-corruption bodies from politicalinterference;to favour the integration of Afghan civil society into the country’s political and institutionalsphere, and the development of independent media;CALLS UPONthe government and parliament of Pakistan:to continue their efforts to combat terrorism and further enhance operational co-ordinationwith ISAF and Afghan forces;to further intensify its co-operation with Afghanistan in seeking a political solution;to fully support initiatives for regional confidence building, security and co-operation, includingefforts to resolve outstanding bilateral disputes;to further strengthen political dialogue with NATO to complement existing military-to-militaryco-operation;

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