235 SESA 04 E N A T O   P a r l i a m e n t a r y   A s s e m b l y POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS FIFTIETH ANNUAL SESSION VENICE, ITALY NOVEMBER 2004 International Secretariat 16 November 2004 Assembly documents are available on its website, http://www.nato-pa.int

235 SESA 04 E i TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Resolutions 328 on Trafficking in Children 1 329 on NATO Operations in Afghanistan 5 330 on Post-Conflict Reconstruction and Development: The Challenge in Iraq and Afghanistan 7 331 on Reinvigorating the Transatlantic Security Dialogue 10 332 on Confronting Nuclear Proliferation 13

235 SESA 04 E 1 RESOLUTION 328 on TRAFFICKING IN CHILDREN The Assembly, 1. Recalling that trafficking in human beings constitutes an intolerable affront to human dignity as well as a threat to stability and security throughout the Euro-Atlantic area; 2. Reaffirming  its  resolution  323  on  Trafficking  in  Human  Beings  adopted  at  the  Assembly’s Annual Session in Orlando in November 2003; 3. Acknowledging that trafficking in children poses specific problems within the general issues of trafficking in human beings and the fight against organized crime and therefore requires member governments and parliaments to adapt their policies and legal frameworks; 4. Alarmed by the new trends in the trafficking of children in Europe, including new routes and new  forms  of  exploitation,  and  convinced  of  the  necessity  to  adapt  policy  to  take  into  account these changing patterns; 5. Persuaded  that the  struggle  against  trafficking  in  children  should  include  adequate  policies aimed  at  prevention,  law  enforcement  and  prosecution,  victim  identification,  assistance  and reintegration, as well as eradication of the root causes of this phenomenon; 6. Convinced of the need to deal with internal as well as trans-border trafficking in children, with the supply side as well as the demand and to combine prosecution of traffickers and protection of the victims; 7. Insisting  also  that  cooperation  between  countries  of  origin,  of  transit  and  of  destination  is crucial,  and  welcoming,  in  this  regard,  recent  initiatives  taken  by  European  and  international organisations to advance the fight against trafficking in children in Europe; 8. Stressing  however  that  governments  and  international  organisations  should  avoid  creating overlapping  or  competing  initiatives  and  that  coordination  and  cooperation  should  always  be  a priority; 9. Applauding the adoption by the North Atlantic Council at the June 2004 Istanbul Summit of a NATO Policy on combating trafficking in human beings and encouraging all member and partner governments and parliaments to fully cooperate in the implementation of this policy; 10.   Praising  the  adoption  in  the  Treaty  on  a  Constitution  for  Europe  of  an  enhanced  legal framework for the protection of children and the fight against trafficking in the European Union and welcoming the adoption of the new expanded Daphne programme; 11.   Commending  the  appointment  by  the  OSCE  of  a  Special  Representative  in  Combating Trafficking in Human Beings, as well as the appointment by the OSCE-Parliamentary Assembly of presented by the Committee on Civil Dimension of Security

235 SESA 04 E 2 a  Special  Representative  on  Human  Trafficking  Issues,  and  hoping  that  they  will  both  play  a leading role in the coordination of OSCE policies against trafficking, particularly in children; 12.   Encouraging  the  rapid  adoption  and  implementation  by  member  countries  of  the  Stability Pact  Task  Force  on  trafficking  in  human  beings  and  national  action  plans  against  trafficking  in children; 13.   Strongly  supporting  the  preparation  of  a  Council  of  Europe  Convention  on  action  against trafficking in human beings as a means of furthering and enhancing the UN Palermo Protocol and calling upon member states to provide the highest possible level of cooperation to this process, ensuring in particular the inclusion of effective implementation mechanisms and measures taking into account the specific features of trafficking in children and the specific needs of child victims of trafficking; 14.   Calling upon member and partner parliaments to give careful consideration to the UNICEF Handbook for  Parliamentarians  on child  protection,  especially  the  parts on  sexual  exploitation  of children and trafficking and sale of children; 15.   URGES governments and parliaments of member and partner countries of the North Atlantic Alliance: a. Legal measures i. to ratify and implement the existing international laws and principles concerning child trafficking,  including  the  UN  Palermo  Protocol,  the  International  Labour  Organisation Convention No. 182 on the Prohibition and Immediate Action for the Elimination of the Worst  Form  of  Child  Labour  and  the  UNICEF  Guidelines  on  the  Protection  of  the Rights of Children Victims of Trafficking in South Eastern Europe; ii. to review, evaluate and, if necessary, reform existing legal frameworks to ensure that they take into account the particularities of child trafficking and that they adequately cover all phases and all forms of trafficking; iii. to  grant  children  victims  of  trafficking  the  legal  status  of  victims,  in  accordance  with human  rights  requirements  as  spelled  out  in  the  UN  Convention  on  the  Rights  of Children; iv. to outlaw the dissemination of child pornography in any way, shape or form, especially on the internet; v. to  prohibit  military  personnel  from  patronising  child  prostitutes,   particularly   when military personnel are deployed; b. Victim identification, assistance and re-integration i. to adopt measures to facilitate the identification of migrant children, including passport and visa regulations, the limited use of biometrics data and systems of data registration to record unaccompanied minors; ii. to ensure that all victims, regardless of their legal status, have access to shelters and to all necessary assistance;

235 SESA 04 E 3 iii. to ensure that all identification and assistance programmes aim primarily to protect the child’s rights and dignity; iv. to create, in cooperation with non-governmental institutions, reintegration programmes and activities granting child victims non-discriminatory access to structures specifically designed for children; v. to  monitor  and  evaluate  the  existing  reintegration  programmes  for  effectiveness, focusing in particular on the need to ensure lasting re-integration away from trafficking networks; c. National and international coordination i. to  ensure  proper  coordination  between  national  authorities  in  charge  of  counter- trafficking  and  assistance  to  victims  of  trafficking,  including  all  relevant  public  and private stakeholders; ii. to  provide  the  highest  level  possible  of  cooperation  within  regional  and  international structures  and  encourage  bilateral  and  multilateral  exchanges  of  information  and  of best practices among countries of origin, of transit and of destination; iii. to harmonize, whenever possible, national legislation and penalties to avoid jurisdiction gaps and to provide appropriate levels of investigative and judicial cooperation; d. Training i. to  include  information  about  trafficking  and  victims’  rights  in  the  curricula  of  schools, police academies, law schools, and social worker training centres; ii. to  provide  general  training  for  international  military,  police  peacekeepers  and  related civilian contractors on the subject of child trafficking; iii. to pay special attention to training in the area of trafficking in children, child rights, and special protection measures for child victims of trafficking; 16. CALLS UPON governments, international organisations and non-governmental organisations: a. to  conduct  research  and  provide  more  comprehensive  statistical  data  on  the  extent,  nature and changing patterns of child trafficking and child labour in Europe; b. to  organise  and  promote  both  large-scale  and  small-scale  awareness-raising  campaigns, differentiating between target groups and also addressing the ethical dimension of trafficking; c. to  support  projects  aimed  at  combating  the  root  causes  of  child  trafficking  in  countries  of origin, as well as in countries of destination; 17.   REITERATES its determination: a. to  ensure  that  it  provides  a  forum  to  discuss  and  promote  the  fight  against  trafficking  in children and the coordination of efforts among its members; b. to use its structures, such as the Mediterranean Special Group and other working groups to develop a dialogue with Mediterranean partners and observers to the NATO-PA on the global issue of trafficking in human beings.

235 SESA 04 E 4 RESOLUTION 329 on NATO OPERATIONS IN AFGHANISTAN^* The Assembly, 1. Recognising that the stabilisation of Afghanistan is in the strategic interest of the Allies and the countries in the region; 2. Noting  the  NATO  Istanbul  Summit  Communiqué  wherein  it  was  declared,   inter  alia,  that contributing to peace and stability in Afghanistan is NATO’s key priority; 3. Commending the actions of the Alliance so far to bring peace and stability to Afghanistan; 4. Recognising the contributions of all 26 allies and 11 partner countries to both the NATO-led International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) and Operation Enduring Freedom; 5. Commending    the   government   of   Afghanistan   and   the   international   community   for conducting the first nation-wide presidential election in the history of the country; 6. Noting    the    successful    contribution    of    many    international    governmental    and    non- governmental  organisations  to  the  presidential  elections,  achieved  through  co-operation  with  the NATO ISAF mission; 7. But recognising that the task is far from complete and will require a long-term commitment and additional resources; 8. Understanding  that  the  mission  in  Afghanistan  represents  NATO’s  first  truly  out-of-area mission; 9. Further   understanding   that   the   Alliance   made   specific   commitments   at   the   Istanbul summit to provide additional forces and support assets to the mission in Afghanistan; 10. Noting  that  although  additional  forces  have  been  committed,  they  are  not  of  the  nature requested  by  the  commanders  on  the  ground  who  specifically  underlined  the  need  for  a  mobile brigade; 11. Further noting that stability will be difficult if not impossible to achieve unless much more is done to control the narcotics traffic, the independent power of certain key regional warlords and the Taliban regime remnants; 12. Recognising  that  the  Afghan  government  cannot  do  this  without  large-scale  international assistance over a period of years; 13. Further  recognising  that  the  Alliance  has  to  a  large  extent  staked  its  credibility  on  the success of this mission and that the credibility of the UN is also at stake; 14. URGES  member  governments  and  parliaments  of  the  North  Atlantic  Alliance  to  make  a long-term commitment to the stabilisation of Afghanistan by: a. committing  a  larger,  more  mobile  and  combat-ready  force  to  Afghanistan  for  at  least  one year; * presented by the Defence and Security Committee

235 SESA 04 E 5 b. supporting  the  national  parliamentary  elections  in  Spring  2005  by   providing  adequate assistance  and  security  across  the  country,  at  least  at  the  same  level  as  during  the presidential elections; c. working with the Afghan government to identify and bring under control the regional warlords   and the Taliban regime remnants who threaten the viability of the nation; d. actively  supporting  efforts  to  reduce  heroin  production  and  trafficking  in  Afghanistan  and defining a long-term strategy for combating the drug problem.

235 SESA 04 E 6 RESOLUTION 330 on POST-CONFLICT RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT: THE CHALLENGE IN IRAQ AND AFGHANISTAN^* The Assembly, 1. Noting United Nations Security Council Resolutions 1483, 1511 and 1546 on Iraq, as well as UNSCR 1401, 1419, 1471, 1510 and 1563 regarding the situation in Afghanistan; 2. Aware   that  violent  conflict  in  developing  societies  inflicts  appalling  visible  and  invisible damage, and the longer conflict rages, the more destructive are its consequences; 3. Noting   that  the  post-Cold  War  era  has  been  marked  by  a  proliferation  of  wars  in  the developing   world,   compelling   Western   governments,   international   development   and   lending institutions, the United Nations and NGOs to allocate resources to helping war-torn countries; 4. Recognising that in the wake of the attacks of September 11, the international community has become increasingly aware of the close relationship between development and security; 5. Lamenting  the  fact  that Western  governments  confront  serious  barriers  to  inter-ministerial and international co-operation and are therefore poorly structured to offer emergency post-conflict support; 6. Acknowledging that it is only after active hostilities have ceased that attention can shift from humanitarian  relief  operations  to  longer-term  reconstruction  efforts  and  the  revival  of  basic services; 7. Convinced therefore that a reasonable degree of peace and security is the sine qua non for initiating economic, political and cultural revival; 8. Concerned  that the international community generally spends far more capital and energy coping  with  the  aftermath  of  war  and  internal  conflict  than  it  would  have  had  it  taken  earlier measures to prevent the outbreak of conflict; 9. Noting  that the most successful efforts to spark development in post-conflict societies have involved wide and deep consultation with recipient societies; 10. Applauding  the  positive  impact  of  Community-driven  Reconstruction  Strategies  (CDRs), which   accord   local   and   broadly   representative   councils   significant   powers   to   decide   how development funds will be spent; 11. Acknowledging  that the need for foreign assistance and the recipient country’s capacity to put it to good use generally increases significantly three years after a conflict; * presented by the Economics and Security Committee

235 SESA 04 E 7 12. But concerned that aid is almost never disbursed along such intrinsically rational criteria, as the largest aid inflows often occur in the immediate wake of a conflict and decline from that point onward; 13. Recognising  the  potential  problems  that  can  arise  from  highly  restrictive  contract  bidding procedures   and   the   failure   to   engage   fully   local   people   and   governments   in   their   own reconstruction efforts; 14. Applauding  the  interest  of  Western  countries  as  well  as  the  contributions  of  the  United Nations, the IMF, the World Bank and a range of NGOs in seeking to reduce violence and fostering genuine reconstruction in both Afghanistan and Iraq; 15. Yet  noting  the  lack  of progress  that  has  been made  within  Iraq  as  a result  of  widespread insurgency,  planning  shortfalls,  and  the  occupying  authorities'  unrealistic  emphasis  on  market driven  solutions  rather  than  meeting  immediate  security  and  human  needs  in  a  period  of  grave economic,  political  and  social  crisis  errors  that  likely  inflamed  some  of  the  violence  currently besetting that country and further retarding the reconstruction process; 16. Recognising  the need for western governments and NATO to work with Afghan authorities as  well  as  other  governments  from  Central  Asia  to  combat  the  burgeoning  opium  trade,  which threatens to overwhelm Afghanistan’s highly fragile political and economic reconstruction; 17. Acknowledging  the challenge to all Western countries to generate sufficient and sustained funding   to   underwrite   humanitarian   relief,   reconstruction   and   longer-term   development   in Afghanistan; 18. Emphasizing  that  the  greatest  hope  for  the  citizens  of  Afghanistan  and  of  Iraq  for  peace, prosperity   and   security   rests   in   the   election   and   preservation   of   legitimate   representative governments; 19. URGES member governments and parliaments of the North Atlantic Alliance: a. to accord a far higher priority than in the past to conflict prevention in order to avoid having to deal with far more daunting post-conflict problems; b. to  shape  post-conflict  reconstruction  policy  in  accordance  with  several  core  principles including the ideas that: i. security is sine qua non for beginning the reconstruction process; ii. UN  Security  Council  endorsement  of  a  post-conflict  operation  or  an  intervention  itself lends far greater legitimacy to the operation; iii. properly coordinated with the democratically-elected President of Afghanistan and with the  sovereign  Interim  Government  of  Iraq,  reconstruction  aid  can  most  effectively nurture development of stable, democratic governments by helping to empower them to meet the needs of the Afghan and Iraqi peoples; iv. a    sense    of    local    ownership    over    development    processes    and   a    degree    of decentralisation  in  decision  making  and  resource  allocation  increase  the  likelihood  of ultimate success; v. international  lending  organisations  and  NGOs  have  a  key  role  to  play  in  ensuring adequate dispatch of aid, accountability and transparency in its delivery;

235 SESA 04 E 8 vi. rapid job creation and swift restoration of basic utility, health and social  services help inculcate  civil  societies  with  the  sense  that  they  have  a  stake  in  the  reconstruction process; vii. the sequencing of aid policies should be driven by local conditions rather than artificially established deadlines dictated by the Western political calendar; c. to begin international peace operations with a political basis for peace; d. to  strive  for  UN  mandates  for  critical  missions  and  to  allocate  sufficient  resources  to underwrite those missions; e. to  cultivate  a  sense  of  local  ownership  of  the  reconstruction  and  development  process through  close  consultation  and  in-depth  consideration  of  the  local  concerns  during  shared decision making; f. to engage local firms in the reconstruction process and to strive to employ local rather than foreign workers when possible; g. to  ensure  that  more  weight  is  given  to  achieving  social  stability  over  radical  liberalisation schemes in the immediate wake of conflict; h. to work towards rebuilding social trust and a more vibrant civil society by: i. encouraging  rather  than  suppressing  labour  unions  and  other  civil  society  institutions that are needed to build the habit of dialogue and the practice of pluralism; ii. encouraging a free and independent media both as a foundation of democratic practice and   to   ensure   greater   transparency   in   the   use   of   development   funds   and   the organization of reconstruction efforts; i. to empower central governments by providing support through multi-donor trusts which gives recipient governments a greater say in establishing development spending priorities without having  to  navigate  through  a  tangle  of  international  bureaucracy  and  to  urge  recipient governments that good governance standards are met; j. to   ensure   that   the   structures   of   donor   aid   packages   are   coherent   with   post-conflict development goals and are coordinated with other donors and recipients; k. to continue to work to find a basis for a common approach to Iraq which remains in the midst of a very serious security and political crisis; l. to take steps not to allow the significant resources allocated to Afghanistan and Iraq to crowd out  resources  needed to  assist  other  developing  countries  including those  that  are making progress in implementing difficult economic and social reforms; m. to administer oil contracts in Iraq in a transparent fashion, and to ensure that these revenues are used to underwrite fundamental needs like a social safety net; n. to bolster Afghanistan’s central governmental capacity to assert its authority throughout the country by increasing the presence of international security forces; o. to work with the Afghan government and its neighbours to develop innovative strategies and alternative crop programmes in order to curtail poppy production in Afghanistan;

235 SESA 04 E 9 p. to continue efforts under way in both Iraq and Afghanistan to advance the protection of basic human  rights,  paying  special  attention  to  the  needs  of  women  who  can  provide  a  vital catalyst to development; q. to  work  with  the  Afghan  authorities  and  local  groups  in  order  to  enhance  the  process  of demobilisation, disarmament and reintegration.

235 SESA 04 E 10 RESOLUTION 331 on REINVIGORATING THE TRANSATLANTIC SECURITY DIALOGUE^* The Assembly, 1. Welcoming the renewed unity demonstrated by NATO Allies at the Istanbul Summit as a sign of  their  willingness  and  determination  to  rebuild  trust  and  confidence  in  the  Alliance  and  work further  on  the  urgent  adaptation  of  the  Alliance  in  order  to  meet  the  political  and  security challenges of the 21^st century; 2. Recognising   that   terrorism,   the   proliferation   of   weapons   of   mass   destruction   (WMD), organised  crime,  but  also  failed  and  failing  states  as  well  as  internal  conflict,  present  the  most serious challenges to international security, and that NATO has an important role in tackling these threats; 3. Praising the NATO Istanbul summit decision to expand NATO’s operations in Afghanistan by creating new Provincial Reconstruction Teams and enhancing support for the electoral process; 4. Affirming  that a stable Iraq is in the common interest of the member states as well as in the interest of the international community  and welcoming the Allies’ agreement, in response to the Iraqi Interim Government request and in accordance with UN Security Council resolution 1546, to offer NATO’s assistance to the government of Iraq in the training of security forces, as an essential step towards the stabilisation and reconstruction of the country; 5. Noting   and   commending   the  progress  towards  the  full  implementation  of  the  Prague initiatives   on   the   fight  against  terrorism   and   the   proliferation   of  WMD,   as   well   as   on   the strengthening of NATO’s capabilities and the creation of the NATO Response Force (NRF); 6. Affirming  the  importance  of  continuing  to  develop  the  established  NATO  Partnerships  and welcoming the decision to further enhance partnerships, particularly the Mediterranean Dialogue, the  creation  of  the  Istanbul  Cooperation  Initiative  and  the  increased  focus  on  relations  with  the states of the Caucasus and Central Asia; 7. Stressing  the  increasing  importance  of  NATO’s  cooperation  with  the  EU,  particularly  in South-East  Europe,  in  accordance  with  the  Berlin  Plus  agreement  and  the  Framework  for  an enhanced  NATO-EU  dialogue  and  emphasizing  the  need  for  a  concerted  approach  to  promote security and stabilisation in the Western Balkans; 8. Concerned, however, that differences of opinion about the authorisation and use of military force that have been raised over the war in Iraq have not yet been resolved into an international agreement or an operational consensus on the use of force; 9. Determined  that  continuing  differences  as  to  whether  the  use  of  military  force  in  Iraq  was justified shall not stand in the way of future cooperation in stabilising that country; * presented by the Political Committee

235 SESA 04 E 11 10.    Strongly   persuaded  that  confirmation  of  the  Alliance’s  political  priorities  and  of  basic principles for action is essential to facilitate future consensus building and allow for success of the Alliance’s initiatives; 11.    Recognising that as NATO cannot meet all challenges to international security NATO must set  priorities  and  needs  to  come  to  agreements with  international  organisations  like  the  UN,  the OSCE, the EU, and the African Union; 12.    Stressing the need to find a consensus on the level of ambition of the Alliance, particularly with regard to available capabilities and its role in projecting stability and conflict prevention; 13.    Encouraging  NATO  Allies  to  avoid  the  disconnect  between  political  decisions  and  the implementation  of  commitments,  particularly  in  key  areas  like  Afghanistan  and  the  Western Balkans, among others; 14.    Further  encouraging  the  Allies  to  strengthen  efforts  and  to  increase  investments  in  the transformation of their armed forces as agreed at the Prague 2002 Summit; 15.    Convinced that a peaceful resolution of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict can only be achieved with  strong  US  and  European  engagement,  and  that  a  peace  agreement  will  also  help  stabilise other parts of the greater Middle East; 16.    URGES governments and parliaments of member and partner countries of the North Atlantic Alliance: a. to re-invigorate the role of the North Atlantic Council (NAC) as the Allies’ primary forum for consultations addressing crucial security issues and engage in a genuine strategic dialogue in the  NAC  on  the  current  and  future  role  of  the  Alliance  in  tackling  the  new  threats  to international security, including military and political priorities, the role of prevention strategies and NATO’s role in conflict prevention; b. to consider devising a more operational agreement on the fight against terrorism and WMD proliferation; c. to consider declassifying Prague’s NATO Military Concept for defence against terrorism, as a means   to   increase   public   awareness   of   the   threat   posed   by   terrorism   and   NATO’s determination  to  contribute  to  deterring,  defending  and  protecting  our  societies  against  this threat; d. to reinvigorate policy co-ordination concerning the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, including within the  Quartet  (EU,  UN,  USA  and  Russia),  in  order  to  help  the  parties  resume  direct  peace negotiations; e. to improve military capabilities as agreed in the 2002 Prague summit in order to match means with NATO ambitions; f. to   improve   the   co-ordination   efforts   among   Allies   and   with   the   EU   as   well   as   other international  organisations,  in  particular  the  United  Nations,  especially  in  the  fight  against terrorism,  conflict  prevention  and  post-conflict  stabilisation,  in  accordance  with  the  basic principles of international law; g. to examine the adequacy of the role of NATO in arms control and to strengthen multilateral arms control regimes and legally binding export controls;

235 SESA 04 E 12 h. to   ensure   enforcement   of   non-proliferation   regimes   and   a   successful   NPT   Review Conference; i. to engage in a dialogue on NATO’s role in promoting effective conflict prevention, including through  training  and  capacity  building,  especially  in  the  case  of  failing  states,  in  close partnership with the United Nations, the OSCE, the EU, the Commonwealth of Independent States, and other regional organisations, in particular the African Union; j. to improve the planning and co-ordination of national contributions to the NRF, EU Headline Goals and Battle Groups among others in order to avoid duplications and lack of clarity.

235 SESA 04 E 13 RESOLUTION 332 on CONFRONTING NUCLEAR PROLIFERATION^* The Assembly, 1. Convinced that nuclear weapons are a risk to mankind, and all countries should take steps to promote a safer world by pursuing their eventual elimination; 2. Recognising that for more than 50 years, the international community has struggled to make the acquisition and development of such weapons more difficult and less desirable; 3. Persuaded   that  the  Nuclear  Non-Proliferation  Treaty  (NPT)  provides  the  norm  and  the foundation  for  an  international  regime  to  prevent  the  spread  of  nuclear  weapons,  and  has  led several states to abandon their nuclear weapons programmes; 4. Aware that changes in the international security environment require the strengthening of the NPT regime and its adaptation to the threats of the 21^st century aiming at its universalisation; 5. Extremely  concerned  that  North  Korea  has  declared  its  withdrawal  from  the  NPT  and  is pursuing the development of nuclear weapons; 6. Remaining concerned by the risks of proliferation presented by Iran’s nuclear programme and   activities,   nonetheless   welcomes   Iran’s   recent   announcement   to   suspend   its   uranium enrichment activities and calls on the Iranian Government to comply permanently with the relevant IAEA provisions; 7. Profoundly  disturbed  by  the  disclosure  of  a  worldwide  black  market  covering  weapons technologies and nuclear materials from various arsenals, as was the case with that instigated by Pakistani scientist, Abdul Qadeer Khan; 8. Particularly  concerned  that  some  of  the  technologies  and  materials  necessary  to  build nuclear devices, because of their dual-use, have become relatively easy to acquire by terrorist or criminal groups; 9. Praising  Libya’s  recent  decision  to  halt  and  dismantle  its  weapons  of  mass  destruction (WMD) and missile programmes; 10. Strongly   persuaded   that  to  maximise  effectiveness  in  reducing  the  threat  of  nuclear weapons  and  other  WMD,  any  international  response  firstly  requires  a  coordinated  transatlantic approach; 11. Welcoming  the  G-8  Action  Plan  on  Non-Proliferation  adopted  by  the  G-8  Summit  at  Sea Island and the initiatives adopted by NATO at its 2004 Istanbul Summit to deter, prevent, counter and respond to the threat and potential use of WMD; * presented by the Science and Technology Committee

235 SESA 04 E 14 12. URGES member governments and parliaments of the North Atlantic Alliance: a. to  tighten  controls  over  the  export  of  nuclear  material  by  universalising  the  supporting  the aims of the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540 in strengthening national export control systems, removing legal loopholes, and enacting  legally binding controls; b. to  strengthen  support  the  aims  of  the  Proliferation  Security  Initiative  (PSI)  by  increasing international military, intelligence, and law enforcement cooperation; c. to amend the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation   to   make   the   transport   of   WMD   on   commercial   vessels   an   internationally recognised offence; d. to negotiate a non-discriminatory, effectively verifiable Fissile Material Cut-off Treaty to stop the production of highly enriched uranium and plutonium for weapons purposes; e. to   expand   the   G-8   Global   Partnership   and   better   coordinate   all   initiatives   to   support cooperative  non-proliferation  projects  in  Russia  and  the  Commonwealth  of  Independent States aimed at better securing weapons, materials and technical expertise; f. to make the IAEA Additional Protocol mandatory for NPT members and by 2005 to allow only states   that   have   signed   this   Protocol   to   import   equipment   for   their   civilian   nuclear programmes; g. to  conclude  that  states declared  by  the  IAEA  Board  of Governors to  be  in  non-compliance with their safeguards obligations, have deprived themselves of their right to develop sensitive nuclear fuel cycle activities, such as enrichment and reprocessing; h. to promote the creation of a special committee of the IAEA Board of Governors, which would focus exclusively on safeguards and verification; i. to empower IAEA inspectors with the right to conduct broader inspections – such as those performed  recently  in  Libya  and  Iran  –  in  every  member  country  that  has  not  signed  an Additional Protocol;   j. to  strongly  urge  North  Korea  to  refrain  from  developing  nuclear  weapons,  cease  the marketing  of  ballistic  missile  technology  and    and  resume  the  Six  Party  Talks  as  soon  as possible; k. to use all appropriate diplomatic and political means to convince Iran not to develop nuclear weapons; l. to  persuade Iran  to  comply  with  the  IAEA  Board  of Governors’  resolution  of  18  September 2004,  by  providing  further  information  and  explanations  about  its  nuclear  programme  and suspending all enrichment-related activities in order to promote confidence; m. to strengthen the NPT by implementing the decisions of all NPT conferences; n. to  make  certain  ensure  that  the  withdrawal  of  any  country  from  the  NPT  would  prompt  an immediate review of that country’s nuclear activities by the UN Security Council; o. to  engage  the  states  that  remain  outside  the  NPT  and  possess  declared  or  undeclared nuclear  weapons  –  India,  Israel  and  Pakistan  –  and  convince  them  to  sign  the  IAEA Additional  Protocol,  the  Comprehensive  Nuclear-Test-Ban  Treaty,  and  gradually  eliminate production of fissile material;  

235 SESA 04 E 15 p. to strongly urge China to refrain from developing new nuclear weapons; q. to  make  the  United  States  Government  aware  of  the  concern  that  its  research  into  the development of a robust nuclear earth penetrator or of any other new nuclear devices could affect international nuclear non-proliferation efforts; r. to seriously examine the issue of sub-strategic nuclear weapons in the context of the NATO- Russia  Council  and  eventually  submit  a  proposal  on  a  phased  and  verifiable  withdrawal  of tactical nuclear weapons from Europe.   ________________